Evaluation of Two-Channel Source Separation Using Exploratory Projection Pursuit Technique / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#Difficulty of understanding speech in noise among the elderly necessitates the need for Auditory Training which has made a renewal of interest in the last decade with the auditory training applications. This interest is perhaps spurred by advances in computer-based technology. In computer-based auditory training, speech signals are considered as auditory training stimuli where input speech signals need to be verified prior to training as the speech signals are mixed with noise signals. Computer-based Auditory Training System can be embedded with input speech verifying module. Input speech verifying module is employed with speech and noise separator simulator. This simulator needs to guarantee accurate separation of speech from noise signals. Therefore, in this research, Exploratory Projection Pursuit (EPP) technique under semi-Blind Source Separation (BSS) method is intended to separate the speech source signals which are mixed with competing speech (multitalker speech babble). This training uses Malay language based sentences which differ in word length and hence number of sample values. The experimental simulation considers two-channel random, linear mixing of speech sources and competing speech. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of source separation using the anticipated EPP technique for various sample values of speech signals which varies in time duration due to word length dissimilarity. Simulation results show that EPP technique is feasible for source separation. As a consequence, high correlation value of r ≥ 0.99 is obtained between extracted speech signal and original speech signal for all categories of speech signals. It is further verified by the maximum nongaussianity of extracted speech signal which has high kurtosis value of 32 approximately.

To assess the correlation of imaging studies X-ray and CT-Scan of para nasal sinuses in clinically selected sinusitis patients from outpatient department of ENT at civil hospital Karachi

Objective: Objective of this study is to assess the correlation of imaging studies X-ray and CT-Scan of Para nasal sinuses in clinically selected sinusitis patients from outpatient department of ENT at Civil Hospital Karachi. Study Design: Observational study

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in the department of ENT at Civil Hospital Karachi from 01 Aug2009to31 July 2010

Materials and Methods: After taking a inform consent sinusitis patients initially thoroughly clinically examined in ENT out patients department than referred to radiology department for imaging evaluation at Civil Hospital Karachi

This study comprises of 95 patients of both sexes who presented with acute and chronic sinusitis

Results: In our study we assessed 95 patients of both sex with acute and chronic sinusitis, selected on clinical basis and finally correlated by radiologically

Out of 95 patients 43 patients who clinically suspected of having acute sinusitis sent to radiology department to correlate our finding both by X-ray PNS and CT-Scan. X-ray PNS showed imaging findings of acute sinusitis in 26[60%] patients while 17 patients were having normal X-ray PNS. When CT-Scan was performed to correlate the findings, it showed 30[69%] patients were having acute sinusitis while 13 patients had no imaging findings of acute sinusitis. When clinically suspected of chronic sinusitis of 52 patients were radiologically investigated, out of those, in whom X-ray PNS shows chronic sinusitis in 26[54%] patients and 22 patients are having normal X- ray PNS. But when CT-Scan performed in these patients it depicted 33[68%] patients were having chronic sinusitis and 15 patients were having normal imaging. Out of these 52 patients, 4 patients refused for any radiological investigation

Conclusion: Previously X-ray of nose and Para nasal sinuses was considered mainstay to rule out of various pathologies but now have been replaced by high-resolution CT scan and MRI

Plain radiographs of various angles can be used as a useful tool for diagnosis of acute and chronic sinusitis patients which are difficult to rule out clinically where the CT- scan facility is not available whereas CT-Scan is the only modality of choice and considered as a [gold standard] imaging of nose and Para nasal sinuses in acute and chronic sinusitis and guides the surgeon with important information of the osteomeatal complex, sphenoid, ethmoid sinuses status and other normal anatomical landmark or any variations, preoperatively. Key Words: CT- scan of nose and PNS, X-rays PNS, Para nasal sinuses, Sinusitis

To determine the frequency of malignancy in solitary nodule of thyroid in ENT, head and neck surgery department at civil hospital Karachi

Objective: To determine the frequency of malignancy in solitary nodule of thyroid

Study Design: Observational / Descriptive study

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in the Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery at Civil Hospital Karachi from January 2007 to July 2008

Materials and Methods: This study comprises of 70 cases, in one and half years. We have included all cases of solitary nodule of either sex more than 10 years and excluded those patients who were exposed to radiation or underwent any sort of neck surgery previously. All Patients with solitary thyroid nodule were investigated with routine hematological and biochemical tests, thyroid profile, thyroid Scan, ultra sound neck and FNAC in outpatient department. At admission all risks/benefits of surgical procedures were explained to patients

Post-operative histopathological report of specimen was compared with preoperative fine needle aspiration cytology

Results: In our 70 cases study 59 patients were diagnosed with benign and 11 with malignant disease. Papillary carcinoma was found the most common tumor in 63.63%

Conclusion: Papillary carcinoma is the most common tumor in solitary thyroid nodule in our study followed by

Frequency and predictors of depression among elderly of Rawalpindi Pakistan

Objective: To determine the frequency of depression and identify predictors of depression in elderly

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi during a three months period from October 2013 to December 2013 among elderly coming to outdoor patient department Patients and their attendants of age 64 or above were included in the study. 209 patients were selected by consecutive sampling technique. Questionnaire included so-cio-demographic profile and geriatric depression scale [CDS] scale consisting of 15 items. Analysis was done by utilizing SPSS16. Descriptive statistics were performed. The results were recorded as frequencies. P-values were obtained and results were depicted in form of tables and figures. Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were applied to the data to calculate the association

Results: A sample of 209 was studied and depression was found to be present in 28.71%. There was no statistically significant relationship between education, intimacy, sleep, having children or having not financial support and depression [P-value > 0.05]. The analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between gender, people ever diagnosed for depression in life, persons having suicidal ideas at least once in life, poor marital relationship, monthly income between Rs10,000 to 30,000, elderly having no care giver and depression [P-value < 0.05]

Conclusion: High frequency of depression was found among elderly community and diversity exists in predicting factors

To assess the accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology [FNAC] for diagnosis of malignancy in solitary thyroid nodule at civil hospital Karachi

Objective: To assess the accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology [FNAC] for the diagnosis of malignancy in solitary thyroid nodule

Study Design:Observational / Descriptive study

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in the department of otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery at Civil Hospital Karachi from January 2007 to July 2008

Materials and Methods: This study comprises of 70 cases in one and half years. We have included all cases of solitary nodule of either sex more than 10 years and excluded those patients who were exposed to radiation or underwent any sort of neck surgery previously. All Patients with solitary thyroid nodule were investigated with routine hematological and biochemical tests, thyroid profile, thyroid Scan, ultra sound neck and FNAC in outpatient department. At admission all risks/benefits of surgical procedures were explained to patients. Postoperative histopathological report of specimen was compared with preoperative fine needle aspiration cytology

Results: In our 70 cases study 59 patients were diagnosed with benign and 11 with malignant disease. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy was also recorded which were 72.72%, 99.20% and 94.20% respectively. Papillary carcinoma was found most common tumor in 63.63%

Conclusion: FNAC is valuable investigation for the preoperative assessment of solitary thyroid nodule and also has high diagnostic accuracy in its evaluation

Complications in laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Objective: to list and understand the types and the rate of complications associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy done by a small group of surgeons over a decade at four military hospitals PNS Shifa Karachi, CMH Rawalpindi, MH Rawalpindi and PNS Hafeez Islamabad

Study Design: observational and descriptive study

Place and Period of study: CMH Rawalpindi from January 2003 to December 2012 [10 years]

Patients and Methods: case records of all patients [both genders and all age groups] undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy over a period of ten years were reviewed. Fifteen hundred patients with a clinical follow up record of at least six months were included in the study. Complications were grouped into three main categories, per operative, early post-operative and late post-operative. They were further sub-grouped into major and minor categories. A major complication was regarded as one causing significant morbidity or likely to be potentially fatal if not treated expeditiously. Data analysis included calculation of the number of patients, rate and percentage of different types of complications

Results: complications occurred in 495 [33%] cases. Major complications occurred in 199 [13.27%] cases. In the remaining 296 [19.73%], the complications were labeled as minor. Conversion to open surgery occurred in 147 [9.8%]. Post-cholecystectomy laparoscopic re-intervention within 48 hours was done in 3 [0.2%] cases. There was one mortality due to septicemia following bowel injury

Conclusion: the risk of complications is a possibility in any patient undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy despite remarkable advances in instrumentation and video systems. Most common complication is hemorrhage [1.3%] followed by CBD injuries [.13%]. Due attention to risk assessment, patient and family counseling, importance of valid consent and a flexible approach to conversion to open surgery is stressed

Mental health challenges and solutions in low and middle income countries -a health system perspective

There are many gaps in establishing an active mental health system in low and middle income countries. In this article we have reviewed multiple studies focusing low and middle income countries to explore the barriers, challenges, solutions and opportunities regarding improvement of mental health system in these countries. Literature emphasizes political with good financing ,effective policies ,multi-sartorial and holistic approach encompassing linkage between health and non-health sectors leading to equitable access of mental health to populations in low and middle income countries

Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A disease from patient to laboratory

Charcot-Marie-Tooth [CMT] disease is a well-known neural or spinal type of muscular atrophy. It is the most familiar disease within a group of conditions called Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathies [HMSN]. The disease was discovered by three scientists several years ago. Several genes are involved as the causative agents for the disease. Hundreds of causative mutations have been found and research work for the identification of a novel locus and for the treatment of CMT1A is going on. This review article was planned to gather information on CMT disease and updates on its treatment. National Center for Biotechnology Information [NCBI] and PubMed were searched for data retrieval. Molgen database, which is the exclusive site for CMT mutation, was the other source of articles. Different aspects of the CMT disease were compared. Advancements in the finding of the causative gene, discovery of the novel Loci are the current issues in this regard. CMT disease is incurable, but researchers are trying to get some benefits from different natural compounds and several therapeutic agents. Various groups are working on the treatment projects of CMT1A. Major step forward in CMT research was taken in 2004 when ascorbic acid was used for transgenic mice treatment. Gene therapy for constant neurotrophin-3 [NT-3] delivery by secretion by muscle cells for the CMT1A is also one of the possible treatments under trial

Frequency of cigarette and sheesha smoking among students of a private medical college

To determine the frequency of cigarette and sheesha smoking among students of a private medical college. This study was conducted at Islamabad Medical and Dental college, Islamabad from April to September, 2013. A close ended questionnaire was administered to find out the frequency of cigarette and sheesha smoking among medical students and their knowledge about hazards of smoking. In this cross sectional survey, 255 MBBS students from Islamabad Medical and Dental college, Islamabad were selected. The mean age of students was 21.83 +/- 1.657 years. The frequency of cigarette smoking was 33%, sheesha smoking 36%, and smoking of both was 24.3%. There were 16[6%] students who were ex-smokers of cigarette, 4% of sheesha and 1.6% of both. Greater part of students 32[12.5%] smoke 6 -10 cigarettes per day. Parents of 42 [34.7%] students know about their smoking. Majority of the students 45 [17.6%] started smoking just for fun or 25 [9.8%] to release stress. The main cause of quitting smoking in 15 [39.5%] students was medical advice or due to advice by elders in 11 [28.9%] students. 226 [88.6%] students had awareness about the ill effects of smoking. According to the bulk of students 105 [41.2%] the most effective way to control smoking epidemic is health education. Some students 46 [18%] had an opinion of high tax on cigarettes and 27 [10.6%] compulsory pictorial warnings on cigarette packs. Sheesha and cigarette smoking is very popular among medical students. Most of the students know about hazards of sheesha smoking.

Effect of demographic characteristics on patient's satisfaction with health care facility

To assess the patients' satisfaction level and effect of demographic characteristics on patients' satisfaction with health care facility in a tertiary care hospital. This Descriptive Cross sectional survey was conducted from June through October, 2012 in Out Patients Department of Punjab Social Security Hospital [PESSI], Rawalpindi. Participants were interviewed by trained inter viewers [students of 4th year MBBS class] using pre tested questionnaires. The patients were interviewed for their satisfaction and experience in the healthcare facility regarding interaction with doctors, paramedical staff, and facilities in the institution. Demographics like age, gender, educational status, marital status and monthly income were recorded. A five point scale of Strongly Agree [5], Agree [4], Uncertain [3], Disagree [2], and Strongly Disagree [1] was used. The percentage score was calculated for each patient and patient satisfaction was measured in terms of mean percent score. In sample of 110 patients, age of patient showed significant [p-value= 0.033] relationship with satisfaction score, with maximum satisfaction level [79.86%] in older age patients of > 55 years. Gender and occupation of patient did not show significant effect on satisfaction score. The illiterate or less educated [p-value = 0.003] and married patients were significantly [p-value= 0.003] more satisfied. Patients with less monthly income were significantly[p-value < 0.001] more satisfied. Older and less educated patients with lower income bracket were more satisfied with healthcare facility as compared to younger, highly educated patients and having higher income levels

Awareness and practices regarding waste management in health care staff of hospitals of Rawalpindi

Objective: To determine the knowledge and practices of health care staff including administrators, doctors, nurses, para medical staff, housekeeping staff regarding hospital waste management

Study design: A cross sectional study

Place and duration: It was conducted in Social Security Hospital, Islamabad and Ahmed Complex Hospital, Rawalpindi from 1[st] October 2012- 31 December 2012

Methodology: A total of 96 health care workers were included by purposive sampling technique, including 8 administrators, 40 doctors, 27 nurses, 5 para medical staff, 16 housekeeping staff. The data was collected on a structured questionnaire for afterwards statistical analysis

Results: Health care staff aware of biomedical waste were 82.4% [n=84].There was significant difference [p=0.003] in knowledge of hospital staff of different designations regarding biomedical waste, hazards related to sharps [p=0.000], improper waste disposal [p=0.000]. Health care staff aware of level of segregation of hazardous and non hazardous waste were 65.4% [n=66]. Health care staff aware of mode of health care waste transportation was 65.7% [n=65] and its disposal was 80.8% [n=80]

Conclusion: Awareness regarding biomedical waste management was satisfactory in health care staff but when compared amongst themselves it was better in doctors, nurses and administrative staff and less in para medical and housekeeping staff

Prevalence of depression among elderly visiting outdoor patients department of holy family hospital Rawalpindi Pakistan

Objective: To determine prevalence of depression and to identify associated demographic characteristics among elderly

Study design: A cross sectional study

Place and duration: The study was undertaken in Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi during a three months period from 1st October 2013 to 31st December 2013

Methodology: All the subjects, patients and their attendants of age 64 or above were included. A total of 209 males and females were selected by consecutive sampling technique. Questionnaire includes socio demographic profile and GDS, scale. Analysis was done by utilizing SPSS16

Results: In the sample of 209 males and females depression was found to be prevalent among 28.71% [n=60] .Males were 56.5 % [n=118] and females 43.5 % [n=91]. Married were 47.3 % [n=96] and single, separated or divorced were 18.3% [n=37], widows or widowers were 34.5% [n=70], nuclear family 33% [n=69] and joint family 67% [n=140], employed 25.1% [n=50] and unemployed 73.9% [n=147] Prevalence of depression was more common among females [49.4%] compared to males [12.7%], among unemployed [35.3%] compared to employed [12%] among those living in nuclear family [72.5%] compared to those living in joint family [28.4%] and among elderly with history of childhood parental loss [57.8%] compared to those without history of childhood parental loss [34.2%]. Results depict that mean differences between the males and females, employed and unemployed, nuclear family and joint family for depression are significant

Conclusion: There is high prevalence of depression among elderly community and diversity exists in predisposing factors

Self medication patterns amongst undergraduate medical students of a private medical college

To determine the pattern and preferences of self-medication practices among the undergraduate medical students of Islamabad Medical and Dental college Islamabad. This cross-sectional study was undertaken at Islamabad Medical and Dental College Islamabad during a three months period [October 2012 to December 2012]. The study population consisted of medical students from first to final year, selected by consecutive sampling method, within the age group of 17-29 years with mean age 21.4 years and SD 2.4. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was administered to them. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 and summarized. Percentages were used in the analysis and interpretation of the results. Out of 100 students a total of 88 students [40 [45.5%] female participants and 48 [54.5%] male participants] said that they practiced self-medication. Among these 54.2% attributed their source of information to electronic media 18% to print media and 27.9% to drug promotional activities, 62.9% said that they have sufficient knowledge regarding self medication. The leading percentage that is 51% used analgesics, 44.3% used antibiotics, and 4.5% used psychiatric drugs. Out of those who used psychiatric drugs, 75% used short acting anxiolytics and 25% used long acting antidepressant drugs. There is high prevalence of self medication among under graduate medical students and diversity exists in its pattern

Patients satisfaction levels in out patient department of a teaching hospital

To evaluate patient satisfaction and its relation with different demographic factors of respondents in the outpatient department of a teaching hospital. A cross sectional study was performed between February 2011 and June 2011. A total sample size of 150 participants was collected by consecutive sampling technique. Participants were interviewed privately face to face in the hospital in Outpatient department of FES SI hospital Rawalpindi. Interviews were conducted by trained interviewers using pre tested questionnaires. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS v 15. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. Percent mean score technique was used to show the satisfaction score of the participants. In this sample of 150 participants 89 [59.30%] were males. Mean age of the sample was 38.15110.919 years. Majority of the participants [105 [70%]] were married. Most of the participants [72 [48%]] were under matric and 66 [44%] were illiterate. Maximum patients [72 [48%]] belonged to low income class [< 7000 Rs.]. The overall patients satisfaction in terms of mean percent satisfaction score was 61.39 +/- 9.8793 ranging from 33.5 to 84. The highest mean percent satisfaction score [64.15 +/- 11.61] was observed in age interval of 25-35 years and the higher satisfaction was noted in females [62.10 +/- 8.95]. The highest satisfaction with respect to marital status was seen in widowed category and minimum in single patients. The highest mean percent satisfaction score [67.75 +/- 5.08] was in patients who had intermediate level education but the patients who were in under matric category of education had lowest mean percent satisfaction level of 58.63 +/- 9.56. Similarly the highest satisfaction was observed in low income class [63.33 +/- 10.09]. In general, patients were satisfied with their hospital care; overall satisfaction level was 61%. Patients' level of satisfaction showed a relation with age, gender, education and income level

Analgesic efficacy; Comparison of ketorolac and diclofenac sodium

To compare the analgesic efficacy of a single dose preoperative intramuscular Ketorolac versus diclofenac sodium for prevention of postoperative pain after third molar surgery. This Experimental comparative study. Department of Anesthesia, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, AI-Zahra Hospital, Geo Care, and Maryam Maternity Hospital, DG Khan. October 2011 to March 2012. Patients undergoing elective third molar surgery were randomly assigned into one of the two groups. ln each group, 60 patients completed the study properly. Group-l received diclofenac sodium 75 mg lM 20 min preoperatively and group-ll received Ketorolac 30 mg lM 20 min preoperatively. Patient in Ketorolac group reported significantly lesser pain intensity scores in the 3rd hour pain than the Diclofenac group [p-value lesser than 0.0001]. Patient also reported significantly longer mean time to rescue analgesic 7.5 h versus 4.8h [p lesser than 0.001., student t test] that is approximately 2.5 h longer duration of preventive analgesic consumption [p=0.006, student t test]. Preoperative intramuscular injection of Ketorolac 30 mg is more effective than Diclofenac 75 mg in the prevention of postoperative 3rd molar pain.

Use of harmonic scalpel in laparoscopic cholecystectomy

To determine the effectiveness and safety of the Harmonic Scalpel in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Quasi Experimental Study. Surgical Unit -1 Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi. From January to December 2009. A total of 110 consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy in which the procedures were performed exclusively with the Harmonic Scalpel were included. Patients were of either sex and of different age groups. Only three patients were operated in emergency and all other under went elective surgery. Ease of dissection and clarity of operative field [as determined by definition of dissection planes, need for using irrigation/suction and need for clearing the smoke by evacuation of gas], haemostasis and control of vascular pedicles, rate of complications, rate of conversion to open surgery and dissection time were analysed. Data was analyzed by SPSS. Frequencies and percentages were calculated. There were 65 females and 40 males. Age range was 24-72 years with mean age 45 years. Irrigation with saline and suction was needed in only 5 cases. There was practically no or minimal whitish smoke and none required evacuation of gas to clear the operative field from it. No patient had hemorrhage of any extent. Cystic artery was clipped in 40 [36.36%] patients and in all others [54.54%] it was secured by harmonic coagulation. None had CBD or bowel injury or post op sepsis. Two [1.82%] cases required conversion to open surgery due to dense adhesions and obscure anatomy. Cystic duct was dissected out with the same device but was clipped in all the cases. Average dissection time was 40 minutes [range, 17-75 minutes].There was no mortality. The Harmonic scalpel is safe and a surgeon friendly instrument for laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Human paraoxonase and HDL-cholesterol in Pakistani patients with acute myocardial infarction and normal healthy adults

Human serum paraoxonase is a high density lipoprotein [HDL]-bound enzyme exhibiting antiatherogenic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate any relationship between serum paraoxonase activity and serum levels of HDL-cholesterol in Pakistani patients with acute myocardial infarction [AMI] compared to normal healthy subjects and to examine possible association between serum paraoxonase activity and AMI in Pakistani population. In a case-control study, serum paraoxonase activity and serum levels of HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were monitored in 164 Pakistani patients with AMI and 106 normal healthy adults matched for gender, BMI and age within 10 years. Mean serum concentration of HDL-cholesterol and mean serum paraoxonase activity in AMI patients were not significantly different from the corresponding values in normal healthy subjects. Mean serum paraoxonase activity value was significantly lower in normal healthy subjects with low HDL-cholesterol [serum levels<40mg/dl] compared to the value in those with normal levels of HDL-cholesterol [P=0.04]. In AMI patients, paraoxonase activity was lower in subjects with low HDL-cholesterol compared to those with normal levels of HDL-cholesterol, however, the decrease was not statistically significant. Correlation analyses of the data revealed a moderate association of paraoxonase activity with HDL-cholesterol [Pearson's r=0.225, P<0.01 for AMI patients and r=0.281, P<0.01 for normal healthy controls]. Seventy three percent of normal healthy subjects and 65% of AMI patients in this study had low HDL-cholesterol. Low serum paraoxonase activity and high prevalence of low HDL-cholesterol in Pakistani population could be contributing to the high rates of coronary heart disease in this population

Role of strictureplasty in the management of tuberculous strictures of small intestine

To evaluate the outcome and assess the reliability of strictureplasty in the management of small intestinal strictures due to tuberculosis. A retrospective observational and descriptive study. PNS-Shifa, Karachi. Clinical data of cases of intestinal tuberculosis reporting over a period of five years-[Aug 1999-to-Aug 2004] was studied. Thirty patients with small intestinal tuberculosis who underwent strictureplasty alone or in combination with limited resection were selected for the study. In 20 cases [66.67%] the strictureplasty was performed in combination with limited resection. Remaining 10 cases [33.33%] were managed by strictureplasty alone. Anastomotic leakage with fistula formation occurred in 3 cases [10%], Burst abdomen occurred in 2 cases [6.67%]. Sub-diaphragmatic abscess formation occurred in 3 cases [10%]. On prolonged follow-up averaging two years, re-admission was required in 5 cases [16.67%]. Re exploration to relieve obstruction due to adhesions was required in 2 cases [6.67%]. Late incisional hernia was seen in 4 cases [13.33%]. There was no procedure related mortality. Strictureplasty is a simple, quick, and safe operative technique to manage tuberculous small intestinal strictures, in combination with limited resection or as a sole procedure

Role of FNA cytology in the management of carcinoma breast

To evaluate the utility and role of fine needle aspiration cytology [FNAC] in essential surgical management of carcinoma breast. Descriptive study. PNS Shifa, Karachi, Combined Military Hospital [CMH], Pannu Aqil and PNS Rahat from August 1998 to August 2003 [05 years]. Patients and The study included one hundred cases of carcinoma of breast-97 females and 3 males, confirmed on histopathological examination and surgically treated at PNS Shifa, CMH Pano Aqil and PNS Rahat. FNA cytology was the primary tool of investigation in all. The benefit of the procedure was evaluated considering the ease of the procedure, cost, safety, reliability as screening procedure and its effect on sparing the patients from excision or incision biopsy and thus additional anesthesia. Sensitivity of the procedure was 78%, specificity 100%, predictve value 100% and overall diagnostic accuracy 72%. Out of 78 cases, diagnosed as positive for malignancy on FNAC and later confirmed by histopathological examination, 58 underwent frozen section examination followed by definitive surgery [modified radical mastectomy]. Remaining 20 cases underwent additional core biopsy. Out of these, 12 cases underwent definitive surgery without frozen section and 8 patients underwent frozen section examination followed by definitive surgery. A single case required general anesthesia [GA] while the patients undergoing core biopsy required a local anesthesia [LA] as well. Cases remaining undiagnosed by FNA-cytology [22 cases] required either an excision biopsy [17 cases] or incision biopsy [5 cases] under GA followed by definitive surgery, thus requiring general anesthesia twice during the management. FNA-cytology can positively affect the surgical management of carcinoma breast. It can be utilized to select the patients for frozen section examination and can thus spare the patients from additional procedure of excision or incision biopsy under separate anesthesia. It may be adopted as a routine procedure in surgical outpatient